Reading Technique

EL12_Writing task 2

1. Synonym 
Population: community, people, society
Young adults: teenager, adolescence, junior
Older people: elderly people, older personl, elder
Country: nation, community, land
2.Essay planning 
2.1 Question for analysis
d
2.2 Branstorming
Introduction
Body
Conclusion

Model of essay, vocabulary for bar chart

Vocabulary
1) average of just under
2) alter
3) aproximately
4) hover: stay in one place
5) exceeding:
6) plump
7) decreae only slightly
8) upward
9) from this point onward
10) while
11) halve (v): to reduce something by half or devide something into two equal pieces
12) plum significantly
13) had risen to
14) reach nearly
15) a slight decrease
16) remain more or less (almost, aproximately) at the same level
17) pedestrianise: Close (a street or area) to traffic, making it accessible only to pedestrians
18) resume: Begin again or continue after a pause or interruption
19) virtually : alomost

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The graph shows the number of car journes into the city centre made by residents and non-residents over a ten yar period. 

In 1996 an average of just under 10,000 journeys per day were being made by residents, while approximatly half that number were made by none residents. Over the altered 3 years, resident journes  remained reasonably hovering, while none-resident journey increased each year, excedding 8,000 per day in 1999. In early 2000, parking methers were introduced into the city centre, and this had the effect of virtually halving resident traffic, although non-resident traffic decreased only slightly. By the end of 2002, the number of resident had not plummeted significantly, but none resident journeys had risen to their 1999 level. At this point, Westgate Street and Park Lane were pedestriased. This resulted in a dramatic decline in none-resident traffic, and a slight decrease in resident traffic. Form this point onward resident traffic remained more or less at the same level, while non-resident traffic resumed its upward trend, reaching nearly 5,000 journeys per day in 2005. 

Model of essay writing

Vocabulary
1) approximately at around xxx
2) the general trend was downward
3) gradually increase from...... per day to a peak of xxx
4) plum
5) rock from xxx to xxx
6) meanwhile
7) decline sharply
8) fell below
10) fluctuated
11) a low point of xxx
12) remain fairly stable
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Vocabulary for Graphs (Special terms)

1)to be at the highest piont
2) to peak
3) to hit a peak
4) to top out

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1) To be at the lowest piont
2) to bottom out
3) to hit bottom
4) to reach a low point




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1) to fluctuagte (a fluctuaiton)

Vocabulary for graphs (Rate or speed of change)

Rate or speed of change

Adjectives to adverbs

Fast 
1) abrupt - abruptly
2) quick - quickly
3) rapid - quickly
4) speedy - speedily
5) sudden - suddenly

 Slow

1) sluggish - sluggishly

Regular 

gradual - gradually ( small movement only)
steady - steadily

Vocabulary of Graphs (Direct of change)

Direction of change
Verb to Noun
Up
to gain - a gain
to go up - an upturn
to grow - a growth
to improve - an improvement
to increase - an increase
to jump - a jump
to recover - a recovery
to rise - a rise
to rocket - ........( usually associated with large movements only)
to shoot up - ..... ( usually associated with large movements only)
to soar - ...........( usually associated with large movements only)
to surge - a surge
to take off - ............

Down
to come/go down - ........
to crash - a crash (associated with large movement only)
to decline - a decline
to decrease - a decrease
to diminish - a diminishment
to drop - a drop
to droop - a droop
to dwindle - ........
to fall - a fall
to plummet - a plummet (associated with large movement only)
to plunge - a plunge (associated with large movement only)
to shrink - a shrinkage
to sink - .........
to slip - a slip
to slide - a slide
to slump - a slump
to take a tumble - a tumble
to bumble - a tumble

Vocabulary for Graphs (degree or amount of change)

1 Degree or Amount of Change
A. Adjective to adverb
Large
 1) considerable -  considerably
 2) dramatic - dramatically
 3) drastic - drastically
 4) enormous - enormously
 5) huge - ..............
 6) major - ............
 7) sharp - sharply
 8) significant - significantly
 9) steep - stepply
10) substantial - substantially
11) vast - bastly
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Small 
1) insignificant - insignificantly
2) minimal - minimally
3) minor - ...................
4) moderate - moderately
5) slight - slightly
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No change (Verb)
to flatline: it is associated with reaching a period of no change after a period of                      movement and remain unchanged after that point  
to level of : it is associated with reaching a period of no change after a period of                      movement and remain unchanged after that point
to plateau : it is associated with reaching a period of no change after a period of                      movement and remain unchanged after that point
to remain constant
to remain stable
to remain steady = to hold steady
to show no change
to stagnate
to stabilize

Expression and comparing data sets

A. 2/4 and 0.1 : two four is greater than zero point one
B. 100% and 0.01: One hundred is equal to zero point zero one
C. 0.4 and 4/5: Zero point four is smaller than four fifth
D. 0.8 and 78%: Zero point eight is approximately the same zero point zero one

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1) 0.0 = 0=0.0%
2) 0.1= 1/9 =10%
3) 0.25 =1/4 = 25%
4) 0.33 = 1/3 = 33%
5) 0.50 =1/2 = 50%
6) 0.66 = 4/6 = 2/3 = 66%
7) 0.75 = 3/4 = 75%
8) 0.9 = 9/10 = 90%
10) 1 =10/10=100%

Sentence development

Liz:
1) Buiding a wider road can solve traffic congestion, which is a serious problem in major cities during the rush hour, because it allows traffic to move more easily.